This article sheds light on the key differences between the principles of basic and applied research. Read on till the end to find out the role played by them in scientific advancement!
In academic research, as stated by Atlas.ti, both basic and applied research play distinct yet interconnected roles in the advancement of knowledge and society. Usually, basic research is considered the cornerstone of theoretical understanding. Similarly, applied research is more focused on bringing different theories into practical use.
For conducting academic research, students have to use both of these research methods. One cannot truly flourish without the other. A balanced investment in both types of research can prove really important for scientific development in academia.
In this article, we shall explore the key differences between pure basic vs applied research and also discuss the importance of their roles in scientific advancement.
Let’s dive deeper into the details.
What Is the Basic Vs Applied Research Definition?
The aim of basic kind of research is to expand the fundamental comprehension and knowledge of students regarding a given subject. As per Indeed, basic research expands the knowledge of people on a certain topic to fulfil their sense of curiosity.
However, applied research is used to find solutions for different existing and specific problems. Usually, this research type is used for the collection of further data in a given area of study by following empirical methodologies.
What are the Key Differences Between Basic and Applied Research and Their Role in Scientific Advancement?
Research is defined as the systematic process of inquiry, as per Hampshire College, that is aimed at discovering and revising facts, behaviours, events or theories. The advancement of knowledge and the development of new technologies always play a crucial role. Broadly, you can classify the research into two major categories: basic research and applied research.
While both types of research play a vital role in advancing scientific and academic knowledge, they differ notably in their objectives, methodologies, expected outcomes, and overall utility. Students often struggle to distinguish between these approaches, so mpost of them acquire dissertation writing help to effectively apply the appropriate research method.
In the section mentioned below, we shall explore the fundamental differences between basic and applied research in detail. Let’s dive into the details.
1. Definition and Purpose
Basic Research (Pure or Fundamental Research)
Basic research is primarily concerned with the production of new information and the refinement of theories. It is theoretical in nature and its main purpose revolves around the enhancement of our understanding related to basic phenomena and principles. However, all of this happens without any immediate practical application in mind.
The main objective of basic research is to answer “why”, “what”, or “how” questions. For instance, a physicist might conduct basic research for the purpose of understanding the properties of subatomic particles, not necessarily with the intention of applying the findings to real-world technologies.
Applied Research
Applied research, on the other hand, is usually done with the specific aim of solving practical problems or developing new products or techniques. It is more action-oriented in nature and has immediate utility. You will find out that applied research often relies on the theories and knowledge that are generated through basic research.
The focus here is on “how” to achieve a specific objective. For example, a pharma company that conducts research to produce a new vaccine is engaging in applied research.
2. Nature and Scope
Basic Research
Here, you will have to work on the development or refinement of theories and models. This kind of research explores unknown areas or seeks to explain complex phenomena. Not only that, the findings of basic research are often generalisable, and students can apply them across various contexts.
Applied Research
On the other hand, this kind of research deals with real-life issues and is aimed at tangible outcomes. Mostly, it is focused on a particular problem within a defined context. However, its results are typically specific to a particular field or industry.
3. Methodology and Approach
Basic Research
Such kind of research is often conducted in laboratories or academic settings that have controlled variables. However, its results may take years or even decades to materialise or be understood. Basically, it puts all the emphasis on theoretical models, hypotheses, and mathematical formulations.
Applied Research
Students usually conduct applied research in real-world environments such as hospitals, factories, or schools. However, they can easily get quick and effective solutions. It is also possible for them to use empirical data, case studies, simulations, and field trials.
4. Funding and Sponsorship
Basic Research
The funding for this kind of research usually comes from government bodies, universities, or research councils. It happens because the outcomes do not have immediate commercial value. Usually, the funding is provided because the research has some intellectual curiosity or national interest (e.g., space exploration, understanding climate change).
Applied Research
Different kinds of private industries, corporations, or governmental agencies often sponsor such kind of research with specific commercial or policy objectives. Apart from that, such research is driven by market demand, competition, and consumer needs.
5. Outcomes and Utility
Basic Research
Students can generate new knowledge, principles, and theories using basic research methods. It also enhances academic disciplines and informs future research. However, you may not expect it to have immediate practical application. Most students follow this research method to set the groundwork for future innovations.
Applied Research
This is used for the production of new products, services, or solutions. It also has the potential to address the current social, technological, or economic problems. Furthermore, it is considered to have a direct relevance and impact on industries and public welfare.
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Examples
Basic Research Examples
- Studying the genetic code of organisms to understand evolution.
- Investigating the fundamental laws of physics.
- Analysing the psychological processes that are involved in memory formation.
- Exploring the structure and function of the brain through neuroscience.
Applied Research Examples
- Developing a new drug to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
- Creating a more efficient solar panel which is based on scientific principles.
- Designing a mobile app for online education.
- Testing a new teaching method which can be used for the improvement of student performance.
6. Interrelationship Between Basic and Applied Research
Although basic and applied research differ in purpose and application, they are not mutually exclusive. In fact, you can observe that they are often interdependent and complementary. Basic research can lay the theoretical foundation upon which applied research grows and builds itself. Without a strong base of fundamental knowledge, applied research can be considered to lack direction or depth.
Conversely, applied research is known for influencing basic research by highlighting gaps in theoretical understanding. For example, the invention of the laser was a result of basic research in quantum mechanics. Later, applied research was used to find out numerous practical uses for lasers in medicine, communication, and industry.
7. Academic vs Industrial Perspective
In Academia
In academic institutions, basic research is usually preferred. Here, the primary goal is linked to the advancement of knowledge. Academics may pursue basic research if they want to contribute to the scholarly community or gain recognition in their field.
In Industry
Applied research has a name for taking precedence in business and industry settings, where the focus mostly lies on innovation, product development, and the generation of profits. Industrial researchers are usually focused on finding quick solutions that can be commercialised or implemented.
8. Evaluation and Measurement
Basic Research
Here, the evaluation is done based on the originality, theoretical contribution, and publication in peer-reviewed journals. Similarly, it uses long-term impact and citation metrics as indicators of success for the basic research.
Applied Research
This kind of research is measured by the practical outcomes such as patents, product launches, cost-effectiveness, or improvements in processes. The return on investment (ROI), user satisfaction, or societal impact also measures the success of such methods.
9. Ethical and Social Considerations
Basic Research
In the basic type of research method, the open sharing of knowledge is often encouraged. Ethical concerns are usually minimal, but issues can arise in studies involving human or animal subjects.
Applied Research
This can involve higher ethical stakes, especially in areas like medicine, biotechnology, or artificial intelligence. Furthermore, students must carefully consider the societal, environmental, and legal implications of their findings or products.
10. Advantages and Limitations
Advantages of Basic Research
- Expands human knowledge and scientific literacy.
- Can foster innovation by opening up new areas of inquiry.
- Also offers long-term benefits for society and the economy.
Limitations of Basic Research
- Often seen as “abstract” or “esoteric” and has no immediate utility.
- Funding can be difficult to secure due to the lack of short-term results.
- Generally, the outcomes may not be predictable or applicable in all contexts.
Advantages of Applied Research
- Directly used for solving practical problems and improving the quality of life.
- Contributes to economic growth through innovation.
- Also, encourages collaboration between academia and industry.
Limitations of Applied Research
- May be constrained by commercial interests or short-term goals.
- Can neglect theoretical depth in pursuit of fast results.
- There is a risk of ethical compromises under pressure to produce deliverables.
Understanding the distinction between the basic vs applied research approach can help policymakers, educators, and industry leaders in making informed decisions. These sort of decisions are usually linked to research priorities, funding allocations, and educational strategies.
So, if you delve into the mysteries of the universe or want to tackle immediate societal problems, you can get benefit from both paths for the purpose of collective human endeavour of learning and innovation.
What Is The Role Of Basic Vs Applied Research In Scientific Advancement?
Scientific advancement is no less than a cornerstone of human development which is important for driving progress across health, technology, education, industry, and society at large. Most commonly, the research lies at the heart of discovery which is governed by the disciplined process of inquiry and discovery.
Now, we are going to shed light on the role played by basic vs applied research areas in deriving scientific advancement.
1. Understanding Basic and Applied Research
Basic Research
The element of curiosity drives the basic research and the desire to understand the underlying principles of nature and reality. Using this, you can answer the foundational questions like “Why do things happen?”, or “How does the universe work?” It is used to lay the groundwork for future discoveries and innovations.
For example:
- Investigating the structure of DNA before the concept of genetic engineering existed.
- Exploring the principles of quantum mechanics long before their application in electronics.
Basic research is theoretical, and it is often conducted in academic or institutional settings. Usually, you will find it in scholarly journals. While its immediate impact may not be visible, the long-term effects are profound.
Applied Research
Applied research, on the other hand, is goal-oriented. It is focused on addressing specific, practical issues and developing solutions that improve lives or processes. This could involve:
- Creating new medical treatments.
- Designing more efficient engines.
- Developing educational tools for children with disabilities.
Usually, students carry it in industries, government labs, or corporate R&D departments. Applied research has a name for directly translating knowledge into innovations, products, and services.
2. The Role of Basic Research in Scientific Advancement
Discovery of Fundamental Laws and Theories
Basic research has historically led to some of the most significant scientific breakthroughs. Newton’s laws of motion, Darwin’s theory of evolution and Einstein’s theory of relativity: all of these have emerged from pure scientific inquiry.
Enabling Future Technologies
Much of today’s technology would not exist if there were no decades of prior basic research. For instance:
- The internet has its roots in basic studies on computer networking.
- GPS technology heavily relies on the theory of general relativity.
- MRI machines were developed based on research into nuclear magnetic resonance.
Advancing Scientific Literacy and Education
Basic research has also enriched education and inspired different future generations of scientists. It has deepened our understanding of the universe and also helped in the stimulation of new questions and avenues for exploration. Even if it doesn’t yield direct commercial benefits, its role in shaping the scientific mindset has been invaluable.
3. The Role of Applied Research in Scientific Advancement
Translating Theory into Practice
Applied research takes theories and principles that are developed through basic research and evaluates them in practical settings. It is considered the bridge between knowledge and utility. For example when basic research uncovered the structure of DNA, applied research enabled genetic engineering, personalised medicine, and CRISPR technologies.
Driving Innovation and Economic Growth
Applied research has fuelled the industries, which have led to the production of new products and processes that have driven competitiveness and economic progress. You can think of these examples:
- Smartphones are rooted in applied research on touchscreens, batteries, and wireless communication.
- Renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind, stem from applied physics and engineering.
Addressing Global Challenges
Apart from several other uses, applied research plays a direct role in solving urgent issues. Some of the examples are mentioned below:
- Climate change mitigation technologies.
- Vaccines and disease prevention tools.
- Clean water and sustainable agriculture.
4. Interdependence: How Basic and Applied Research Complement Each Other
Applied research for the definitive dissertations would be directionless without the theories and knowledge developed through basic research. You can consider how the discovery of semiconductors through basic physics enabled the computer revolution. Similarly, basic biology led to applied breakthroughs in biotechnology. It proves that without foundational insights, there is little to apply.
Furthermore, in the debate of basic vs applied research questions, applied research often poses new questions that basic research can be used to investigate. When applied research encounters limitations, it often sends scientists back to the lab to understand “why,” sparking new basic research.
5. Policy and Funding Considerations
Governments and institutions must strike a balance in funding both types of research because the overemphasis on applied research may be used to bring short-term gains. At the same time, it also risks stalling long-term innovation. On the other hand, if you start neglecting applied research, it may waste the potential of theoretical discoveries.
Countries with strong scientific legacies, such as the USA, Germany, Japan, and the UK, may consider it okay to invest heavily in both. They must know that foundational knowledge and practical problem-solving are equally essential to conducting research.
What Are The Types Of Applied Research?
Applied research seeks practical solutions to the problems of the real world. It is considered a non-systematic method to seek solutions to different research issues. It is usually linked to the scientific process because it makes use of scientific resources to respond to certain questions. As per Question Pro, usually, it has the following three types:
1. Action Research
In this type of research, people explore things that keep happening in everyday life and the phenomenon of nature. Mostly, it is focused on finding real-world solutions to problems existing in businesses. Also, these are used to give a certain direction to different businesses. Such research is considered more practical in nature.
2. Evaluation Research
It is a type of applied research that takes a research subject and finds out all the critical data about it. Such kind of data and information is super helpful for making informed decisions quickly. Most of the time, the businesses use this research in settings to figure out how they can cut down their overhead costs. It provides an evaluation report about different kinds of data.
3. Research and Development
This is another important type of applied research, and it mainly focuses on the creation of new designs, goods, services, or products. These must be able to meet the specific requirements of different markets in society. To check market needs, such research usually emphasises exploring new methods to improve the products that are already used to meet an organisation’s needs.
Basic Vs Applied Research Question Examples
The basic research questions serve the purpose of expanding the knowledge and understanding of students. Whereas, the applied research questions aim to seek practical solutions to different specific problems. Here, we have discussed the differences between basic and applied research questions in further depth and detail:
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Basic Research Question Examples
It explores different unknown areas and generates new theories. Due to such kinds of research questions, people can build a foundation for future research. Some examples of such questions are mentioned here:
- What are the most basic and fundamental building blocks of the universe?
- How do the slime moulds generally reproduce?
- What is considered the basic origin of cryptocurrency?
- What are the mechanisms followed for the genetic mutations?
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Applied Research Question Examples
The focus of these research questions is on solving practical problems and developing new techniques. You can also improve existing practices for your work and apply the knowledge to improve different real-world situations. Usually, the outcomes of these kinds of questions result in tangible products, solutions and technologies.
Some examples of applied research questions are listed below:
- How can the effectiveness of a specific educational intervention be improved?
- What are the best ways to treat a certain and specific disease?
- Is it possible for us to design a more energy-efficient building? If yes, how?
- How can we find different ways to increase the involvement of students in the classrooms?
Conclusion
We have explored in depth the key differences between basic vs applied research and their role in scientific advancement. We hope that the difference has been made clear to you, and now you are aware of the significance of these research methods for scientific progress.
However, if your research is of an advanced level and you need help with it, don’t forget to consult professional dissertation writing companies in the UK. These services have expert writers on board who can assist students in fulfilling their research goals and maintaining their higher grades.
Lastly, if you are facing considerable issues in the dissertation research work, do not forget to ask for help and clarification from your supervisor. Either research method you choose, you will have to focus on the usage of knowledge to solve and develop practical solutions to research problems.
Author Bio
Smith John is an experienced dissertation writer who has been providing his services to national and international students for the past 11 years. His area of expertise lies in guiding undergrad and postgrad students about their research work and helping them succeed. When he is not working, he can be found sitting in his personal library, sifting through the pages of different books.